Corvallis Cohousing

Architecture Firm: 
SERA Architects
Completion Date: 
October 2007
Project Size (sf / site acreage): 
33,000 sf
Project Location: 
Corvallis
Budget ($/sq Ft, optional): 
$6.3 million
Interior Designer: 
SERA Architects
General Contractor: 
Fortis Construction
Landscape Designer: 
Ann Baker Landscape Architects
Lighting Consultant: 
SERA Architects
Structural Engineer: 
Hohbach Lewin
Mechanical Engineer: 
SolArc Engineers
Electrical Engineer: 
SolArc Engineers
Commissioning Agent: 
NA
Air Quality Consultant: 
NA
Civil Engineer: 
Westech
Owner: 
Coho Cohousing
View of Pedestrian Street
Sustainable Sites: 
The Coho Cohousing project, designed by SERA Architects, Inc. in conjunction with Katie McCamant of the Cohousing Company, is comprised of a 34 unit housing project with a 3,200 square foot Common House, a woodshop, 8 private garages, and a bike barn. The units, which are designed in two basic configurations –two-story townhouses and flats stacked two levels high, range in size from an 812 square foot, 2 bedroom unit to a 1,400 square foot, 4 bedroom unit. The nine residential buildings are configured along a main circulation path that culminates at the Common House. The Common House is the heart of the community and main area of interaction between residents. It houses a large kitchen, which is used to prepare common meals and a dining sized to accommodate all the residents of the community. In addition to the kitchen and dining room, the shared CoHo Cohousing is a group of Corvallis residents who are interested in living in a supportive community with more meaningful relationships with their neighbors. The Corvallis Co-housing project consists of ten (10) individual buildings on a large site in southeast Corvallis. Nine of the buildings are dedicated for residential housing. One building - the Common House - has multiple uses including a dining area and a large kitchen for group meals. The common house is located on the street side of the property serving as the entry marker/ welcome center to the site. Parking is minimized and is located to the north on the site, with the homes organized around a pedestrian street to encourage interaction among residents. One goal of the site planning process was to maximize the number of homes with south facing orientations of either front or back facades to optimize the potential for passive solar heating. This also maximizes the potential for south facing roof areas for solar photovoltaics (generating electricity) and/or hot water panels. Approximately two-thirds of the property is covered in trees and brush including Oak, Maples, Cottonwoods, Firs, Hawthorne, Alders, fruit trees and the ever-present blackberry. In deciding which trees and habitats are most important to preserve, the community agreed that the larger native hardwood trees (Oaks and Maples) and clusters of habitat would be their highest priority. Whenever possible, the community looked to preserve connected natural areas to create larger areas of habitat. The community removed most of the firs which are not native to the area and will crowd out native hardwoods as well as shade more of the site. The fir was reused as site furniture for the project and provides firewood for the Common house wood stove. . The community’s vision for the site is “to balance / participate / support / care take the community’s relationship with the natural environment toward mutual restoration of the land, people and other living things.” The following goals were identified in the site design charrette: • Optimize restoration of the part of the site which will not be built on • Identify places where people can connect with land and nature • Avoid endangering the ancient oak and other trees we want to protect • Use vegetation compatible with local natural systems • Encourage bike use • Limit car space • Garden of adequate size – also orchard and other edible landscaping • Understand permaculture and organic practices • Save and use topsoil displaced during construction • Intelligent pest management
Toward Zero Energy: 
The community established a goal of eventual zero net energy use, defined as the annual energy generated by on site renewable energy sources equals the annual energy consumption of the residential units. To help them reach this goal, the community hired Mike Hatten of SolArc Engineering, who has developed a series of recommendations that allowed the goal to meet over time. He developed a three tiered strategy: minimize energy use, incorporate non-conventional heating sources that can easily transition over time, and maximize use of solar energy. In addition he suggested the following guidelines for the development of the recommended mechanical system concepts and the project’s life cycle energy plan which were incorporated. • 50% reduction in energy use relative to a code (or market) baseline while maintaining initial project construction budget. • Energy conservation and renewable energy strategies to reduce energy demand. Energy efficiency strategies discussed include: o Incorporation of passive solar design elements, including exterior solar control shading o Advanced wall framing and maximum insulation o High performance glazing / windows o Condensing combustion heat generation with radiant heating o Programmable zone thermostats o Passive night flush cooling o Use of energy recovery ventilators • Additional measures proposed to be incorporated by the Owners include: o Insulated window shades o Top tier efficiency in appliances – refrigerators, dishwashers, washer/dryer sets o All fluorescent lighting – compact fluorescent or linear fluorescent • Passive cooling using cool night air. • Solar water heating system, installed as part of the initial project for the Common House and potentially for one residential building. Provide planning and equipment sizing for remainder of the project.) • Future upgrade from natural gas heating to ground-coupled heat pump. (Currently, the community is considering the development of one demonstration residential building per year.) • Solar electric system, installed over time to achieve Net Zero in thirty seven years.
Local and Sustainable Materials: 
The resident’s vision for material use is to maximize use of materials that are recyclable, natural, local, renewable, affordable, available, beautiful, inspiration/educational, flexible, durable, repairable and practical, while minimizing use of materials that are toxic, rare, or have a lot of waste. Goals included: • Reduce waste and use of rare materials • Foster awareness regarding invasive plants • Identify low maintenance materials (and incorporate in the design) • Identify low impact materials (and incorporate in the design) An example of how the project incorporates local materials is the use of maple trim milled from trees on the site and incorporation of landscape benches made from the fir trees removed to build the project. The project also uses a variety of other local material including panelized wall systems from a Tillamook plant. All local suppliers were used – even when products (such as the bamboo floor upgrade) came from far away.
Sustainable Water: 
The water subgroup’ vision included wise use / reuse of the site’s available water resource, to maintain the natural site hydrology, to explore restoring water resources and to incorporate water as an environmental feature. The group’s goals including planning for future grey water use and collection of site rainwater, maintaining the site wetland, minimizing impervious constructed surfaces, developing water management strategies, incorporating organic landscaping practices and developing an awareness during the construction phase around water usage. Residential units are equipped with residential grade tank type water closets (with dual flush toilets in the Common House), countertop lavatories with standard faucet/valve washerless hardware, cast iron bath tubs with a low flow 1.5 gpm showerhead/spigot hardware, and double-compartment kitchen sink with 3-hole faucet/valve hardware. Optional water-consuming appliances include a dishwasher and clothes washer. These are expected to be installed in some but not all of the housing units. All units are piped with a secondary system for future connection to a grey water. The landscape was designed to be irrigation free after the plants are established. All native plants were used in the landscape which was designed using the principals of permaculture.
IEQ and Comfort: 
The project was designed to be fully naturally daylight and to encourage passive ventilation. All low VOC sealants, adhesives and paints were used. The group is committed to the Natural steps’ four system conditions and used them to select materials and products that have the least impact possible. An example of a study the community did was in the selection of faucets – weighing the long term sustainability of stainless steel versus plated chrome. Units were designed with double wall construction separating the townhouses to minimize sound transmission.
Collective Wisdom and Feedback: 
As a part of the design process SERA Architects led the community in a sustainable planning charette. The group session, which was attended by many future owners, started by defining “What is Sustainability?”. The group divided into four subgroups each of which develop a vision statement, a set of goals, and a list of barriers to achieving the goals and step by step process for one of following topics: Site Sustainability, Water Usage, Energy Usage, and Materials. Separate 2 day charrettes focused on site, the common house, units and the landscape were also held to ensure the community was included in the design process. The community used a consensus based decision process using a system of cards (green = no issues, blue = need to talk about an issue, orange = I have a concern that needs to be addressed to move forward, red= blocked) to make all decisions. The community is meeting with the entire design and construction team at the 6 month and 1 year intervals to discuss what worked and what didn't.
Social Equity: 
Coho is a community in which the residents share work, celebrations, laughter and tears. They support each other through the milestones of life and sustain each other as they learn, raise their children and become wise elders. Coho is committed to creating a diverse cohouising ecommunity. Embracing diversity in race, age, income level, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnicity and physical ability. The community respects individual differences and and shares resources wherenever possible. The community was designed to be fully accessible and was designed in connection with Willamette Nieghborhood housing to be affordable for persons with 80% Medium family income. 30% of the units were set aside to be sold to families meeting the income guidelines.
Regional/Community Design: 
The group’s vision is to build a cohousing community of homes that are designed to encourage interactions between people and enrich their lives with the pleasure of cooperation and friendship. The project offers an alternative to the traditional subdivision and strives to be as environmentally sustainable as possible, while still providing affordable housing. Emphasis is placed on pedestrian circulation and cycling; not the automobile. The group will recycle, reuse, and share resources whenever possible. They also welcome diversity and value the input of each person. The community holds neighborhood meetings in the Common house - directly giving back to the neighbors and serves as sustainable example for others in the community to visit. They plan to hold open houses and plan to create a website to share their progress with others in the region. Common House is contains a living room, recreation room, kid’s room, music/ guest room, a laundry room and bathroom. The common grounds within the project will include gardens, open space, walking paths, horseshoe area, playfield, children’s’ play area, and a variety of gathering modes.